Nā huahana
Lifecosm CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab Mea Ho'āʻo
CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab pahu ho'āʻo Canine Heartworm Ag/Anaplasma Ab /Ehrlichia canis Ab/Leishmania Ab pahu ho'āʻo
| Helu helu | RC-CF31 |
| Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo | Ka ʻike ʻana o Canine Dirofilaria immitis antigens, Anaplasma antibodies, E. canis antibodies a me LSH antibodies i loko o 10 mau minuke |
| Kumukānāwai | Hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu immunochromatographic assay |
| Nā Huhu ʻIke | CHW Ag : Dirofilaria immitis antigens Anapalsma Ab : Anaplasma antibodiesE. canis Ab : E. canis antibodies LSH Ab : L. chagasi, L. infantum, a me L. donovani nā mea pale |
| Laʻana | ʻO ke koko holoʻokoʻa ʻo Canine, Plasma a i ʻole Serum |
| Heluhelu manawa | 10 minuke |
| Ka nui | 1 pahu (kit) = 10 mau mea hana (Paʻi kanaka) |
| ʻIkepili | ʻO ka pahu hoʻāʻo, ka ʻōmole Buffer, a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe hoʻopau |
| Waihona | Ka Mahana lumi (ma 2 ~ 30 ℃) |
| Hoʻopau | 24 mau mahina ma hope o ka hana ʻana |
| E akahele | E hoʻohana i loko o 10 mau minuke ma hope o ka wehe ʻanaE hoʻohana i ka nui kūpono o ka laʻana (0.01 ml o kahi dropper) E hoʻohana ma hope o 15 ~ 30 mau minuke ma RT inā mālama ʻia lākou ma lalo o ke anuanu E noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma hope o 10 mau minuke |
ʻIkepili
Hoʻonui ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai makua i mau ʻīniha ka lōʻihi a noho i loko o nā ʻaʻaʻa puʻupuʻu kahi e loaʻa ai iā ia ka nui o nā meaʻai.ʻO ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai i loko o ke aʻa e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū a hana i ka hematoma.A laila, pono ka puʻuwai e pāpaʻi pinepine ma mua o ka wā ma mua i ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo puʻuwai i ka nui, e ālai ana i nā aʻa.
Ke emi mai ka maʻi (ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 mau ʻīlio puʻuwai i loko o ka ʻīlio 18 kg), neʻe ka puʻuwai i ka atrium ʻākau, e pale ana i ke kahe o ke koko.
Ke piʻi ka nui o nā ʻuʻu puʻuwai ma mua o 50, hiki iā lākou ke noho
nā atrium a me nā ventricles.
Ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 heartworms ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ka puʻuwai, nalowale ka ʻīlio i ka hana o ka puʻuwai a make.ʻO kēia mea make
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Caval Syndrom."
ʻAʻole e like me nā parasite ʻē aʻe, waiho ka puʻuwai i nā inike liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he microfilaria.Neʻe ka microfilaria i loko o ka ʻīlio i ka wā e omo ai ka makika i ke koko mai ka ʻīlio.ʻO nā ʻiʻo puʻuwai hiki ke ola i loko o ka mea hoʻokipa no 2 mau makahiki e make inā ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i kahi hoʻokipa ʻē aʻe i loko o ia manawa.Hiki i nā parasite e noho ana i loko o ka ʻīlio hāpai ke hoʻopōʻino i kāna ʻōpuʻu.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā mua ʻana i nā ʻiʻo puʻuwai i ka hoʻopau ʻana iā lākou.Hele nā ʻanuʻu puʻuwai e like me L1, L2, L3 me ka pae hoʻoili ma o ka makika a lilo i ʻiʻo puʻuwai makua.
Puuwai i ka makika
ʻO ka microfilaria i loko o ka makika e ulu aʻe i L2 a me L3 parasite hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ʻīlio i nā pule he nui.Pili ka ulu ʻana i ka lewa.ʻO ka mahana maikaʻi no ka parasite ma luna o 13.9 ℃.
Ke nahu ka makika i ka ʻīlio, komo ka microfilaria o L3 i loko o kona ʻili.Ma ka ʻili, ulu ka microfilaria i L4 no 1-2 pule.Ma hope o ka noho ʻana i ka ʻili no 3 mau mahina, ulu ka L4 i L5, e neʻe ana i loko o ke koko.
L5 e like me ke ʻano o ka heartworm makua e komo i loko o ka puʻuwai a me nā aʻa pulmonary kahi 5-7 mau mahina ma hope e waiho ai nā naʻau i nā inike.
ʻIkepili
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mōʻaukala maʻi a me ka ʻikepili lapaʻau o kahi ʻīlio maʻi, a me nā ʻano diagnostic like ʻole i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻīlio.No ka laʻana, X-ray, ultrasound scan, hoʻokolokolo koko, ʻike i ka microfilaria a, i ka hihia ʻino loa, pono ke autopsy.
Ka nānā 'ana i ka serum;
Ka ʻike ʻana o nā antibodies a i ʻole nā antigens i loko o ke koko
ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo antigen;
Ke nānā nei kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā antigens kikoʻī o nā puʻuwai makua wahine.Hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka haukapila a kiʻekiʻe kona helu kūleʻa.Hoʻolālā ʻia nā pahu hoʻāʻo i loaʻa ma ka mākeke no ka ʻike ʻana i nā puʻuwai makua makua 7-8 mahina i paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia nā puʻuwai ʻōpio ma mua o 5 mau mahina.
Lapaʻau
Hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia ka maʻi o ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai i ka nui o nā hihia.No ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōpū puʻuwai a pau, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke ala maikaʻi loa.ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā ʻiʻo naʻau e hoʻonui i ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā hope o ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻIkepili
Hiki i ka ma'i ma'i Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrilichia phagocytophila ma mua) ke ho'oulu i ka ma'i i kekahi mau holoholona me ke kanaka.ʻO ka maʻi i loko o nā ruminants home ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo tick-borne fever (TBF), a ua ʻike ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi he 200 mau makahiki.ʻO nā maʻi bacteria o ka ʻohana Anaplasmataceae he gram-negative, nonmotile, coccoid a ellipsoid organisms, ʻokoʻa ka nui mai 0.2 a 2.0um anawaena.He aerobes obligate lākou, nele i ke ala glycolytic, a he mau parasites intracellular obligate.Noho nā ʻano ʻano āpau i loko o ka genus Anaplasma i nā vacuoles i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka membrane i loko o nā pūnaeho hematopoietic ʻoi ʻole a oʻo paha o ka host mammalian.Hoʻopili ka phagocytophilum i nā neutrophils a ʻo ka huaʻōlelo granulocytotropic e pili ana i nā neutrophils maʻi.ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā mea ola i loko o nā eosinophils.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Nā hōʻailona
Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau maʻamau oʻO ka anaplasmosis canine e pili ana i ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ka lethargy, ke kaumaha a me ka polyarthritis.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona neurologic (ataxia, hopu a me ka ʻeha ʻāʻī).ʻO ka maʻi Anaplasma phagocytophilum ʻaʻole hiki ke make ke ʻole ka paʻakikī e nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.Ua ʻike ʻia nā poho pololei, nā kūlana ʻōʻopa a me nā poho hana i nā keiki hipa.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka spermatogenesis maikaʻi ʻole i nā hipa a me nā pipi.Hoʻopili ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi e kekahi mau kumu, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole o Anaplasma phagocytophilum i pili, nā pathogens ʻē aʻe, ka makahiki, ke kūlana immune a me ke kūlana o ka mea hoʻokipa, a me nā mea e like me ke aniau a me ka hoʻokele.Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo nā hōʻike lapaʻau i loko o ke kanaka mai kahi maʻi maʻi like ʻole e like me ka maʻi, a i kahi maʻi hoʻoweliweli.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi kanaka e hopena i ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hōʻike lapaʻau.
Hoʻouna ʻia
Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Anaplasma phagocytophilum e nā ticks ixodid.Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo Ixodes scapularis a me Ixodes pacificus nā vectors nui, ʻoiai ʻo Ixode ricinus i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka vector exophilic nui ma ʻEulopa.Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Anaplasma phagocytophilum e kēia mau ʻano vector ticks, a ʻaʻohe hōʻike o ka transovarial transmission.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina a hiki i kēia lā e noiʻi ana i ke koʻikoʻi o nā pūʻali mammalian o A. phagocytophilum a me kāna mau mea hoʻokalakupua i kālele i nā rodents akā aia kēia mea ola i ka laulā o nā mea hoʻokipa mammalian, e hoʻopilikia ana i nā pōpoki hānai, nā ʻīlio, nā hipa, nā bipi, a me nā lio.
ʻIkepili
ʻO ka indirect immunofluorescence assay ka hoʻāʻo nui i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ka maʻi.Hiki ke loiloi ʻia nā laʻana serum acute a convalescent no ka huli ʻana i kahi hoʻololi ʻehā o ka titer antibody i Anaplasma phagocytophilum.ʻIke ʻia nā mea hoʻokomo intracellular (morulea) i loko o nā granulocytes ma Wright a i ʻole Gimsa stained blood smears.Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana polymerase chain reaction (PCR) e ʻike i ka DNA Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Kāohi
ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Hoʻopili ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka vector tick (Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, a me Ixode ricinus) mai ka puna a hiki i ka hāʻule, hoʻohana prophylatic o nā antiacaricides, a me ka hoʻohana prophylactic o doxycycline a i ʻole tetracycline ke kipa aku iā Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, a me Ixode ricinus. nā ʻāina endemic.
ʻIkepili
ʻO Ehrlichia canis he ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano koʻokoʻo i lawe ʻia e ka ʻīlio ʻīlio ʻeleʻele, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.ʻO E. canis ke kumu o ka ehrlichiosis maʻamau i nā ʻīlio.Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke maʻi e kekahi mau Ehrlichia spp.akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau e hoʻoulu ai i ka ehrlichiosis canine ʻo E. canis.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua laha ʻo E. canis ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAsia a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio maʻi i mālama ʻole ʻia ke lilo i mea lawe asymptomatic o ka maʻi no nā makahiki a make i ka hemorrhage nui.
Nā hōʻailona
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi Ehrlichia canis i nā ʻīlio i 3 mau pae;
ACUTE PHASE: He ʻano haʻahaʻa loa kēia.ʻAʻole papa inoa ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻohe meaʻai, a ua hoʻonui ʻia paha nā pūpū lymph.Loaʻa paha ke kuni akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia māhele ke pepehi i ka ʻīlio.Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka hapa nui o ke kino iā lākou iho akā e hele kekahi i ka pae aʻe.
SUBCLINICAL PHASE: Ma kēia māhele, ʻike ʻia ka ʻīlio maʻamau.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kino i loko o ka spleen a peʻe maoli i laila.
KA PALAPALA MA'I: Ma keia mahele, ma'i hou ka ilio.Ma kahi o 60% o nā ʻīlio i loaʻa i ka maʻi E. canis e loaʻa i ke koko ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka helu platelets.ʻO ka ʻeha hohonu i loko o nā maka i kapa ʻia ʻo "uveitis" hiki ke loaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka immune no ka wā lōʻihi.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hopena neurologic.
ʻIke a me ka mālama ʻana
Pono ka hōʻoia ʻana o Ehrlichia canis i ka nānā ʻana i ka morula i loko o nā monocytes ma ka cytology, ka ʻike ʻana o E. canis serum antibodies me ka indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, a/a i ʻole gel blotting (Western immunoblotting).
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka pale ʻana i ka ehrlichiosis canine ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka tick.ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i koho ʻia no ka mālama ʻana no nā ʻano ehrlichiosis a pau he doxycycline no hoʻokahi mahina.Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia i loko o 24-48 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio me ka maʻi acute-phase a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu platelet a pono e maʻamau i loko o 14 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana.
Ma hope o ka maʻi, hiki ke lilo hou i ka maʻi;ʻaʻole mau ka palekana ma hope o ka maʻi ma mua.
Kāohi
ʻO ka pale maikaʻi loa o ka ehrlichiosis ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio me ka ʻole o nā ticks.Pono e hoʻokomo i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili i kēlā me kēia lā no ka maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio me ka mālama ʻana i ka tick.No ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi Lyme, anaplasmosis a me Rocky Mountain spotted fever, he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio ʻole.
ʻIkepili
ʻO ka Leishmaniasis kahi maʻi parasitic nui a koʻikoʻi o nā kānaka, nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio.ʻO ka lāʻau o leishmaniasis he protozoan parasite a no ka leishmania donovani complex.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia kēia parasite ma nā ʻāina wela a me nā subtropical o ʻEulopa Hema, ʻApelika, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America.ʻO Leishmania donovani infantum (L. infantum) ke kuleana o ka maʻi manu a me nā ʻīlio ma ʻEulopa Hema, ʻApelika, a me ʻAsia.ʻO Canine Leishmaniasis kahi maʻi ʻōnaehana holomua koʻikoʻi.ʻAʻole nā ʻīlio a pau e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka inoculation me nā parasites.ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana i ka pale ʻana i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia holoholona
kū'ē i nā parasites.
Nā hōʻailona
I ka Canine
Hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻike visceral a me nā ʻili i ka manawa like i nā ʻīlio;ʻAʻole like me ke kanaka, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā maʻi maʻi ʻokoʻa a me visceral.He ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona lapaʻau a hiki ke hoʻohālike i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.Hiki nō hoʻi nā maʻi asymptomatic.Hiki i nā hōʻailona visceral maʻamau ke komo i ke kuni (hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia), anemia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, lethargy, hoʻemi i ka hoʻomanawanui hoʻoikaika kino, pohō kaumaha, a me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻai.ʻO nā hōʻailona visceral liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi, ka luaʻi, melena, glomerulonephritis, hāʻule ʻole o ka ate, epistaxis, polyuria-polydipsia, sneezing, lameness (no ka polyarthritis a i ʻole myositis), ascites, a me ka colitis mau loa.
I ka Feline
Kakaʻikahi ka maʻi o nā pōpoki.I ka hapa nui o nā pōpoki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua kaupalena ʻia nā ʻeha i nā maʻi ʻeha ʻili, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā lehelehe, ka ihu, ka lihilihi a i ʻole ka pinnae.He kakaikahi na ma'i visceral a me na hoailona.
Po'ai ola
Hoʻopau ʻia ka pōʻai ola i ʻelua mau pūʻali.He pūʻali vertebrate a me kahi pūʻali ʻāʻī (sand fly).ʻAi ka lele one wahine i ka mea hoʻokipa vertebrate ahoʻokomo i nā amastigotes.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā promastigotes flagellated i loko o ka inike.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā promastigotes i loko o ka pūʻali vertebrate i ka wā e hānai ai i ka nalo.Hoʻokumu nā promastigotes i amastigotes a hoʻonui nui i loko o nā macrophages.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i loko o nā macrophages o ka ʻili, mucosa a me viscera, ke kumu o ka leishmaniasis cutaneous, mucosal a me visceral leishmaniasis.
ʻIkepili
I nā ʻīlio, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka leishmaniasis ma o ka nānā pono ʻana i nā parasites, me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Giemsa a i ʻole nā ʻili wikiwiki, i nā hamo mai ka lymph node, spleen, a i ʻole ka iwi iwi aspirates, tissue biopsies, a i ʻole nā ʻili ʻili mai nā ʻeha.Hiki ke loaʻa nā mea ola i loko o nā maʻi ocular, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā granulomas.He poepoe na amastigotes a i ka oval parasite, me ka poepoe basophilic nucleus a me ka rodlike kinetoplast.Loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā macrophages a i ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā cell ruptured.Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻenehana immunohistochemistry a me ka polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Kāohi
ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia: Meglumine Antimoniate pili me Allopurinol, Aminosidine, a me Amphotericin B. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau āpau e koi i ka regimen nui, a pili kēia i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a me ka hui pū ʻana o ka mea nona.Manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka allopurinol, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻaʻole e hoʻi hou nā ʻīlio inā hoʻopau ʻia ka mālama ʻana.Pono e hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kola i loaʻa i nā insecticides, shampoos a i ʻole nā sprays no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻīlio mai ka nahu ʻana o ka sandfly no nā maʻi āpau e mālama ʻia.ʻO ka mana vector kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi.
Pilikia ka nalo one i nā lāʻau lāʻau e like me ka maʻi malaria.
